In many ways, the proposed future for North Eveleigh may, in isolation, appear to be an acceptable adaptation of the site but, when considered in the context of rail heritage in NSW, its current situation and expected future resourcing, the Government’s plans for North Eveleigh represent an important series of lost opportunities based upon misdirected priorities. Whilst there may be attractive short-term financial benefits with the redevelopment of North Eveleigh for residential and commercial purposes, the long-term management of rail heritage in NSW is placed at jeopardy through an inappropriate, virtually inaccessible, location, lack of fundamental facilities and insufficient support to the potentially large volunteer community that traditionally is available to assist the conservation and operation of rail heritage.
The present approach to rail heritage in NSW negates virtually all the commercial interstate and international tourism opportunities that exist in the rail heritage sphere that would be fundamental in ensuring that rail heritage would not be a drain on the public purse and thereby ensures that this popular and historically significant transport technology will always remain problematic and costly to manage. Such short-sighted public sector planning is disappointing and, in our opinion, does not reflect the desires or expectations of the public at large.
The Trust is strongly supporting the Friends of Eveleigh's nomination of the Large Erecting Shop, its contents including 3801 and carriages (now removed from the building) and the connection to the main railway line for listing on the National Heritage List. Yesterday the Trust wrote again to Federal Heritage Minister Peter Garrett about the disposal by Railcorp of historic rolling stock and carriages and the present condition of 3801.
Graham
Quint
Conservation Director
National Trust of Australia (NSW)
Watson
Road, Observatory Hill
Sydney NSW 2000
GPO Box 518, Sydney 2001
P:
+61 2 9258 0179 F: +61 2 9252
1264
www.nsw.nationaltrust.org.au
Once again it is time to go to Maitland for the Steamfest Festival. As with last year the only scheduled heritage train service running from Sydney Terminal will be the Old Mateland Steamfest Flyer, a special charter with a heritage diesel locomotive
pulling heritage carriages.
Join us on Saturday, 19th April 2006 as we travel the scenic main north line across Hawkesbury River, along Mullet Creek and the Brisbane Waters, through the suburbs of Newcastle and on to Maitland, arriving in time for lunch. For 21 years it has been a tradition to supply this service for the people of Sydney and for the benefit of tourism in the Hunter. Full details on the attached pdf file.
You can download more information from: Old Mateland Charter - Sydney to Maitland for Steamfest (PDF 33KB)
Fares to join the Old Mateland Steamfest Flyer are: $80 for Adults, $50 Concession. Special Family Fare $220
Bookings can be made by telephoning: 1300 65 3801
For information on all the Steamfest activities at Maitland visit: www.steamfest.com.au or call Maitland Visitor Information centre 02 4931 287720
]]>This new activity at the LES underlines the important place
volunteers play in the preservation of heritage rail rolling stock and the
importance of such activities in building the heritage skill base. It also
emphasises the importance of the LES as a well equipped and easily accessible
location for such maintenance work. The ongoing uses of the Large for both
training and for volunteer projects are central elements of the Friends
of Eveleigh’s Concept Plan for the continued use of the LES for heritage
rail purposes. If you want to see what volunteer involvement involves then just
visit the L516 blog.
The removal of Locomotive 3801 and many of the carriages
used by 3801 from the LES in Eveleigh had a detrimental impact on approximately
150 regular volunteers that worked at the LES. Over the 20 years that 3801 was
at the LES, volunteers and RailCorp apprentices had drawn on the expertise of
the 3801 Limited staff and former railway tradesmen. The removal of some of the
carriages in early 2007 without any recognition of the volunteers who had spent
hundreds of hours restoring and maintaining “their” carriages was particularly
hurtful to many of the volunteers. This was compounded when volunteers found
that “their” carriages were no longer being stored undercover but left outside
exposed to the elements. Understandably many were reluctant to consider
starting on new projects on RailCorp or other rolling stock that might
similarly be taken away at some time in the future without any recognition of
the emotional and financial investment made in the carriages by the dedicated
volunteers.
The expectation in the Office of Rail Heritage seemed to be
that the volunteers would follow the carriages to Thirlmere but this is not
practical for the majority of the volunteers. Over 90% of the volunteers at the
LES travelled from the Illawarra, Western and Northern Lines even as far as Swansea and some from the
Northern Beaches. Most used public transport to get to Eveleigh and to go to
Thirlmere they would have had a round trip of 5 to 6 hours. The lack of
volunteers moving to Thirlmere was very much a product of its location and the
difficulty they faced in getting to and from the location.
The Friends of Eveleigh have argued in their concept plan
for the future of the LES that it should continue to function as a railway
workshop for the rail heritage operators and railway heritage groups across the
state. Key to their proposal is having a Sydney
base where volunteers can easily work on rolling stock, with others who have
the skills in steam, in diesel and in carriage building, and so broaden the
skills and expertise available to all heritage rail groups.
The Friends of Eveleigh argue Sydney needs to have its own Heritage Rail
Centre to service the state’s population centre and the local, interstate and
international tourism trade. Sydney
also needs an easy to access place where volunteers can develop their skills
and contribute to maintenance of the state’s rail heritage. Those restoring
L516 are not only preserving NSW heritage rolling stock, they are also
demonstrating a vital aspect of the future for the site proposed in the Friends
of Eveleigh concept plan for the LES.
Geoffrey Turnbull REDWatch
31st July 2007.
Mr. John O’Neill AO
Chair, Tourism New South
Wales Review Task Force,
Department of Sate & Regional Development,
Level 49, MLC Centre, Martin Place,
Sydney, NSW 2000.
Dear Sir,
The Board of 3801 Limited makes this submission to your Review with the conviction that the South Eveleigh Precinct, Redfern offers unique rail heritage tourism opportunities for metropolitan Sydney. The centrepiece of this Precinct is the heritage listed Large Erecting Shop, a major component of the former State Rail Locomotive Workshops at Eveleigh.
3801 Limited has occupied the Large Erecting Shop since State Rail vacated it in 1986 and it has been ideal as our operating base as it was designed for the maintenance and restoration of railway rollingstock.
In 2006, the Board submitted the attached proposal requesting continuing occupation of the Large Erecting Shop to the Redfern Waterloo Authority (RWA) believing that we can add very significant value to the long-term goals of RWA. The retention of heritage rail activities at Eveleigh offers the following tourism benefits for Sydney: -
The Board and staff are willing to meet with your Review Task Force or provide additional information that will assist you.
Yours sincerely,
John Glastonbury
(Chairman and General Manager)
REDWatch
welcomes the opportunity to make a submission to the Review of Tourism in NSW
being conducted by Mr John O’Neill
AO. Our submission addresses issues covered by items three, four and five of
the Review’s terms of reference.
REDWatch is a residents and friends group covering Redfern Eveleigh Darlington and Waterloo (the same area covered by the Redfern Waterloo Authority). REDWatch monitors government activities such as the RWA and seeks to ensure community involvement in all decisions made about the area.
The main focus
of REDWatch’s submission is to encourage the Review to examine the state and
regional tourism potential for heritage rail tourism in NSW.
The Large
Erecting Shop (LES) at Eveleigh has
been the base for a successful heritage rail tourist operation providing rail
tours out of Sydney to regional NSW for almost two decades through 3801 Ltd; the
LES has also provided a base for training apprentices in heritage rail skills
and in providing opportunities for heritage volunteers which significantly
assists the cost structure of the activities.
The tourist experience
of 3801 Ltd demonstrates the viability of operating rail heritage tours out of Sydney in a cost
effective manner. The provision of specialist tours like those for Glebe Books
for the launch of Harry Potter books or trips to rural centers and heritage
rail events such as Steamfest provided an important base building block for both
heritage rail and regional NSW tourism.
The
operation of these tours out of the LES at Eveleigh were central to being able
to provide efficient tour schedules with minimum impact on the rest of the rail
system and on the locomotives concerned. 3801 Ltd have previously proposed that
the LES could be adapted with a mezzanine viewing platform and other
infrastructure that could also make the functioning workshop a tourist
destination. This could be linked to other heritage sites in the area including
the Australian Technology Park.
There seems
to be a lot of support in the heritage and wider community for the LES to
remain a rail heritage asset and for it to be used both for active heritage
rail uses as well as for it to form a part of a centrally located tourist
destination similar to Midland in Western Australia or York in the UK. REDWatch
supports such a use for the LES.
The LES is
in good condition and an adequacy report on the building found that $3 million
over five years could address all building issues relating to its continuing
operation. Additional funds would be needed for any modifications necessary for
it to also operate as a tourist destination.
The NSW
Government recently established an Office of Rail Heritage to handle RailCorp’s
heritage assets. The Office of Rail
Heritage currently proposes to relocate its key moveable rail heritage assets
to the Rail Transport Museum
(RTM) at Thirlmere. It also proposes to transfer the Eveleigh Rail Workshops,
including the LES, to the Redfern Waterloo Authority for adaptive reuse or
re-development.
The Locomotive
3801 moved from Eveleigh to Thirlmere in late 2006 following the end of its
lease by the RTM to 3801 Ltd. This has disrupted the operations of 3801 Ltd however
the 3801 locomotive has continued to operate a similar programme in 2007 out of
Thirlmere to that operated previously by 3801 Ltd out of Eveleigh. Operations
from Thirlmere however have increased the wear and tear on the engine and created
stabling issues as the locomotive has to travel from Thirlmere to Sydney prior to starting any major trip drawing on the Sydney basin. The train then
has to return to Thirlmere when trips are completed. This has meant the
locomotive having to overnight and re-coal at renovated Mortuary Station which
was not intended for this purpose.
We
understand that while the tour schedule has been maintained in 2007 that 2008 may
see a significant decrease in trips due in part to the higher RTM costs and in
part due to different operating philosophies about the importance of such tours
and how much use heritage assets should get. There is also a general concern
that the location of the RTM at Thirlmere is not readily accessible for
tourists or volunteers and that considerable money needs to be expended by the
NSW Government if they are to protect rail heritage assets from the weather and
bush fire dangers.
REDWatch is
aware that the non-renewal of the 3801 locomotive lease have created tensions
between 3801 Ltd, RTM and the Office of Rail Heritage. REDWatch is concerned
that the tensions over who operates a specific locomotive and how much it
should be used are distracting from the important tourism lesson to be learnt
from the 3801 Ltd experience.
This lesson was
that it is possible to run rail heritage tours out of Sydney in a cost effective and sustainable
manner. The question we would like the Review to consider is how can the fledgling
success of rail tourism in NSW be enhanced and strengthened to improve rail and
heritage tourism to Sydney and NSW regional areas.
REDWatch
submits that the Review into Tourism in NSW should recommend that a detailed
study be undertaken into the state and regional tourism potential for active
rail heritage use. The study should also investigate the potential for linking
such rail tourism together with regional festivals and activities that would be
of interest to domestic and international tourists with an interest in heritage
rail.
We understand that tourist markets like Japan potentially can supply a large number of tourists who have an interest in rail tourism. The requested study should investigate the extent of the international market for rail heritage and rail tourism and investigate how other countries have used their rail heritage to tap into this market.
University of New South Wales Associate Professor Lucy
Taksa in speaking
to REDWatch and in a recent article in the South Sydney Herald has said that the
NSW Government is out of step with governments elsewhere in the country in
their approach to Rail Heritage. Queensland
is redeveloping the Ipswich Railway workshops which contain a functional
museum, alongside an operational railway workshop where heritage work
continues. Western Australia has developed the
Midlands site in a similar manner.
Professor
Taksa is one of the people who believe that there is considerable potential for
the LES to continue to be used for rail heritage purposes and for this to be
expanded to incorporate social history and heritage tourism elements.
An examination
of the potential for heritage rail tourism is time critical as currently
Eveleigh contains some of the infrastructure necessary to provide a city base
for such tourism. This will be lost should all the land currently earmarked for
disposal from RailCorp to the Redfern Waterloo proceed before the review was
undertaken.
REDWatch is
of the view that the LES could be developed as both a tourist destination as
well as an operational and service hub servicing heritage rail tourism
throughout NSW.
Given the
potential for such a venture to strengthen regional tourism through train tours
and regional festivals and the potential for having an easily accessible
tourist location from the city, we urge the Review of Tourism in NSW to
recommend a detailed study of the potential for heritage rail tourism in NSW
and into the role that Eveleigh’s Large Erecting Shop
can play in that strategy if it is retained by the NSW Office of Rail Heritage.
We also urge
the review into Tourism in NSW to recommend that the Office of Rail Heritage
should establish a Rail Heritage Tourism Strategy in Co-operation with the NSW
Tourism Ministry prior to the disposal of any heritage rolling stock or rail
heritage sites such as the Large Erecting Shop
at Eveleigh.
For Further
Information contact:
Geoffrey
Turnbull
REDWatch
Spokesperson
c/- PO Box 1567
Strawberry
Hills NSW 2012
Ph Wk: (02) 9318 0824
email: mail@redwatch.org.au
Place: Eveleigh Railway Workshops, Redfern
Threat: Devaluation of Heritage Values
Significance:
The Eveleigh Railway Workshops are some of the finest historic railway engineering workshops in the world and Eveleigh contains one of the most complete late 19th century and early 20th century forge installations, collection of cranes and power systems, in particular the hydraulic system. The place is of international significance and is one of Australia's finest industrial heritage items. The value of the place is increased by the fact that it is comprised of assemblages, collections and operational systems rather than individual items still in use. Of the many buildings on the greater Eveleigh Railway Workshop site, the Large Erecting Shop was still performing its original use until November, 2006, demonstrating a high level of intactness.
The entire complex has a strong industrial character generated by the rail network itself, by the large horizontal scale of the buildings, the consistent use of brick and corrugated iron, the repetitive shapes of roof elements and of details such as doors and windows and because of the uniform grey colours. The simple, strong functional forms of the buildings have landmark quality, not only as important townscape elements in the Redfern / Eveleigh area, but as part of the visual train journey of thousands of commuters, marking arrival in the city centre. The major buildings from the original 19th century development of the site are well designed, detailed and built exhibiting a high degree of unity of design, detailing and materials. (State Projects 1995:109)
The workshops were an important part of the NSW rail network which was instrumental in the development of the state during the 19th and 20th century. The construction of the workshops influenced the development of the local area (which was developed for worker's housing) both by providing employment and by its bulk and presence, starting bells and sirens. The yards were associated with developments in working conditions now crucial to the Australian cultural identity, eg) the weekend. The yards had an important association with the labour movement. The place was seen initially as a positive instrument of state socialism and in later periods as the site of important labour actions and of restrictive work practices.
The workshops were conceived by
Whitton, the 'father' of the NSW railways, and were an integral part of his NSW
rail system, and were executed in detail by Cowdery. (State Projects 1995:109)
The Eveleigh railway workshops have considerable research potential for
understanding the operation of railway workshops. This potential is enhanced by
the extent of archival material available and because the relatively recent
closure means that there are many former workshop workers who are still alive
and who know how the place operated.
They have unique educational value enhanced by the highly valuable location and
the relationship with the ATP and the three universities. They contain the
potential to achieve an understanding of the work practices of today through an
understanding of the cultural continuity between 19th century technology and
21st century technology.
*There is potential for further research to yield information about the labour
movement, labour relations and work practices in the 19th and 20th
centuries. Archaeological remains have the potential to reveal further
information about the operation of the Yards. (State projects 1995: 109)
The Workshops were one of the largest employers in Sydney at the turn of the century, declining only in the latter half of the 20th century. It was and is an important source of pride and in demonstrating the capacity of Australian industry and workers and a high level of craft skills. The place is significant to railway workers, former railway workers and railway unions and is associated with the stories of many, including workers and locals, which are important to cultural identity. Although no longer operating as a workshop, the place maintains symbolic value for the community as a former workplace and a place that provided economic input into the local area. It has strong symbolic ties with existing trade unions. (State Projects 1995: 106-111)
The Eveleigh Locomotive Workshops are an exemplar of the railway workshops of the steam era built in each state in Australia in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century and are broadly representative of similar facilities built for British railway technology throughout the world. The Eveleigh Locomotive Workshops comprises a relatively intact group of buildings, though the locomotive workshop buildings have been adapted to office spaces and the carriage workshop to a performance space. Further plans are proposed to remove further buildings and to further adapt the remaining buildings. The Eveleigh Locomotive Workshops are the largest surviving, intact railway workshops dating from the steam era in Australia, and possibly the world. (State Projects 1995: 110)
Statement of Risk:
Degree of Risk: At risk – no solution agreed
Threat: Devaluation
Outcome: Stable (not yet saved or secure, ie, solution not yet fully implemented)
Various buildings within Eveleigh have already been redeveloped and adapted to a range of non-railway uses but several significant buildings which are yet to be adapted have been rezoned for multi-storey development under the Redfern–Waterloo Authority’s Built Environment Plan. The on-going maintenance and repair of steam locomotives and heritage rolling stock within the Large Erecting Shop ceased in December, 2006 and Locomotive 3801 and several historic carriages were relocated to open-air storage at Thirlmere, 85 kilometres south west of Sydney. In general, government policy appears to be primarily directed towards the economic commercial redevelopment of this historic site, with rail heritage pushed into inadequate facilities remote from its potential audience.
Desired Outcome / Vision:
The Eveleigh Railway Workshops should be adaptively reused in a manner consistent with its heritage values and the totality of its site. Redundancy at Eveleigh provides a valuable opportunity for rail heritage activities at a traditional railway site with excellent access to an audience, to support facilities and to technical staff however, urban property values mean that this opportunity is being progressively degraded in favour of the higher short-term returns from commercial redevelopment.
Bibliography:
Eveleigh Rail Yards Locomotive Workshops Conservation Management Plan, Heritage Group, State Projects, 1995
Rail workshop to become platform for inner city hub Claire O'Rourke, SMH 26/7/03
Sparks still fly over rail's long-silent workshops, Geraldine O'Brien, SMH 2/12/03
Eveleigh Precinct Sydney Conservation Policy Schwager Brooks and Partners, 1994
At Risk Listing: http://www.heritageatrisk.org.au/Eveleigh_Railway_Workshops,_Redfern.html
National Trust NSW Media Release: World Heritage Day is Wednesday 18th April. Up for national list: National Trust nominates rare forest, crane and railway workshops as state’s most endangered items
3801 Limited in the past has supported the Maitland Steamfest by charging a break even payment. Last year this price was around $35,000. Now that the locomotive 3801 has been taken by the Rail Transport Museum at Thirlmere, Maitland Steamfest has now got to be supported by $50,000 of taxpayers money approved by the Minister for Transport, Mr. John Watkins and approved just before the election and in what is a swinging seat.
Is it correct that the Rail Transport Museum has quoted Steamfest at least double the cost charged by 3801 Limited for the previous year?
Will the Rail Transport Museum be running any Steamfest services from Central Station?
If not, you can jump on a heritage 44 class diesel hauled service run by 3801 Limited to Steamfest.
With
costs escalating over 100% and the extra costs to taxpayers, it shows that The
Large Erecting shop at Eveleigh must be kept as a working and static museum and
a base for heritage locomotive operators
for this great City of Sydney.
The following article
from the Maitland Mercury of Wednesday 7th
March 2007 contains details of the financial problem facing Steamfest:
Maitland's premier festival of steam was at risk from increasing costs associated with the event, it was revealed yesterday.
Maitland City Council general manager David Evans said skyrocketing charges to bring steam engines to the city had threatened the award-winning event, held annually for the past 20 years.
But a $50,000 lifeline from the State Government will ensure this year's Steamfest, scheduled for April, will go ahead.
Transport minister John Watkins indicated he would allow the council to draw on $50,000 in interest accrued on a $1 million grant awarded to the city last year to find a long-term home for Steamfest and the Maitland Heritage Steam Park.
Retiring Maitland MP John Price said RailCorp was also prepared to forego rail access fees of $5500 for the event.
Tickets are already on sale for a range of steam-powered journeys across the Hunter, including a kids' party train and a dinner train.
"The (increasing costs of the event) principally related to the steam locomotives and passenger carriages that are a fundamental part of the Steamfest experience and had the potential of making the event unviable," Mr Evans said.
"Prior to the State Government's offer in regard to funding, the council was confronted with significant challenges in relation to its ability to deliver the event within budget and at a level the community and visitors have come to expect.
"The future of Steamfest 2007 now seems assured."
Mr Price said under normal circumstances, any interest on grant funds could not be used for any other purpose but the project for which it was intended.
This is the latest update from Friends of Eveleigh on removals from the Large Erecting Shop.
Unfortunately once again we have to advise you of the removal of Heritage rolling stock from the Nationally nominated Large Erecting Shop. These State Rail heritage carriages which have been restored, repaired and continuously maintained under guidelines in a safe, secure heritage building by 3801 Limited, for the past 20 years since 1986, are now being systematically removed by the Office of Rail Heritage and handed to the Rail Transport Museum at Thirlmere for their use. WHY ?
In the afternoon of 14th February, 2007 the latest two heritage carriages were removed from the Large Erecting Shop, Eveleigh, by the Rail Transport Museum on their way from Thirlmere to Central and subsequently used on their special evening excursion - WHY ? Also included on this "special" trip were 3 specialised carriages from the 3801 Limited fleet, previously removed by the Office of Rail Heritage via Rail Transport Museum to replace 3 of the Museum maintained (StateRail) carriages.
A subsequent inspection on the 17th February, 2007 of the Rail Transport Museum site at Thirlmere by a representative of Friends of Eveleigh has revealed that the carriages remain exposed to the elements in an already seriously overcrowded site.
Questions must now be asked as to why the Rail Transport Museum Thirlmere has agreed to store these carriages removed from the Large Erecting Shop, Eveleigh. They had previously admitted that the Thirlmere site was over capacity level with a critical lack of undercover storage space for their own acquisitions before these further carriages arrived, WHY?
Enclosed please find scaled diagrams of all removed carriages from the Large Erecting Shop, Eveleigh now stored unprotected at Rail Transport Museum Thirlmere - "quite a roll call".
Friends of Eveleigh continue to pursue the retention of the Large Erecting Shop, Eveleigh as a working steam workshop, a heritage carriage restoration centre and a museum. We trust you will continue to support this cause.
Yours sincerely
Friends of Eveleigh.
It’s great to be back running tours again following all the hurdles and challenges placed in front of us by the Minister and his team. As a not for profit organization our commitment to providing heritage rail tours to the public has never been stronger.
Our tour programme is hotting up for 2007, with trips planned for the Illawarra, Southern Highlands, Hunter valley, Far Western NSW and the regional centres – what we have been doing successfully for years.
As you might have guessed, planning has not been easy, especially with RailCorp transferring a substantial number of carriages to an already overcrowded RTM at Thirlmere.
November 2006 will go down as a sad month for the volunteers and friends of 3801 Limited. Not only did we farewell loco 3801 after 20 years of successful operation, but we also bade farewell to a very close and respected friend, railway historian Ron Preston. In early January we also lost Dave Fitton to cancer. Dave was one of the ‘old mates’ and a respected volunteer who supported us on many trips.
On a brighter note, exactly four years and one month after being purchased by the Goodwin Alco Group and taken from Chullora for restoration, diesel locomotive 4501 has returned to the rails. 4501’s inaugural trip with 3801 Limited was made on our Metropolitan Goods Line tour on 21/1/07. In sweltering Sydney heat, the loco was successfully tested by hauling 5 cars, 4908 and 4486 up the grade from Lavender Bay to Waverton.
The Large Erecting Shop saga continues with the Redfern Waterloo Authority. It seems that the powers that be want to get rid of this working heritage listed building and replace it with apartments and multi storey offices. For more info visit www.redwatch.org.au
Staff movements – Peter Abba has taken over as Chairman following the resignation of John Glastonbury. John is now Acting General Manager, Arthur Tubby has retired, and Allan Phillpott is looking after the office.
The Board and volunteers would like to extend a hearty thank you to all who have supported us over the past 12 months. If you would like to offer a suggestion for a trip or wish to volunteer please call 1300 65
3801 or send an email to trains@3801limited.com.
Current projects and happenings in the Large Erecting Shop include:
4501 in grey undercoat ran on the recent suburban goods lines and
Kandos tours. 4501 was stopped on 29/8/94 and stored in the open at
Chullora for many years until the Goodwin Alco P/L group raised the
necessary finance to purchase and begin restoration four years ago. It
has been a mighty effort to get this far – congratulations!
SMR18 – is fully operational.
4401 is on restricted workings due to low wheels. 4473 and 4486
continue on ballast and passenger workings. 4486 recently spent a few
days on hire to ARG and worked with ‘rainbow warrior’ liveried L265 on
a few occasions to Manildra and Nowra.
4908 and 4918 are both fully operational. 4908 has also been on hire to ARG and worked to Manildra and Nowra with 4486.
3112 is fully operational.
ABL805 – restoration work on the bar and lounge car continues with the dedicated Tuesday band of volunteers.
For more information on 3801 Limited, Its tourrs and to subscribe to an email version of the '01 News visit: